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教學(xué)總結(jié)范文：巴蜀中學(xué)英語組專用高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納—名詞（附詳解）是由范文詞典為您精心收集，希望這篇巴蜀中學(xué)英語組專用高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納—名詞（附詳解）范文可以給您帶來幫助，如果覺得好，請把這篇文章復(fù)制到您的博客或告訴您的朋友，以下是巴蜀中學(xué)英語組專用高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納—名詞（附詳解）的正文：

巴蜀中學(xué)英語組專用高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納—名詞（附詳解）

高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納——名詞

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tear                                                  B. a piece of, tears

C. a, tears                                                 D. a piece of, tear

【陷阱】誤選D，許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數(shù)名詞，那么newspaper(報(bào)紙)也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的；同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚”即“淚水”，“水”不可數(shù)，“淚水”和“眼淚”也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)。

【分析】最佳答案為C。newspaper和 tear均為可數(shù)名詞，它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用復(fù)數(shù)，而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。

Her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。

She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。

The newspapers were full of lies. 報(bào)紙上一片謊言。

A newspaper is a publication. 報(bào)紙是一種出版物。

順便說一句，若不是將 newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西，而只是把它當(dāng)成一種“紙”來看待，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：

Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報(bào)紙包起來。

2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriter                                 B. cook, typist

C. cooker, typist                                        D. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】誤選A，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：cook 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“煮飯”，所以 cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 應(yīng)表示“打字員”。

【分析】而事實(shí)是：cook=廚師，cooker=炊具；typist=打字員，typewriter=打字機(jī)。即此題正確答案為B。

3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三項(xiàng)均容易誤選。

【分析】對于此題，首先要明確traffic為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除B和D。另外，漢語習(xí)慣說“交通擁擠”，而英語習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded 來修飾 traffic，要表示漢語的“交通擁擠”，英語通常說heavy traffic，即選A。如下面一題也是選A：

She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle is                                                B. cattle are

C. cattles are                                             D. the cattles are

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle是單數(shù)，并且空格有表單數(shù)的one，自然謂語動(dòng)詞用is。

【陷阱】其實(shí)，正確答案為B。cattle(牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，若用作主語，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如：

For this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。

The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。

類似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法，即只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；用作主語時(shí)謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：

The poultry have been fed. 家禽已經(jīng)喂過飼料了。

In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國警察通常不帶槍。

It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候，我就不痛快。

5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

A. mean, mean                                          B. means, means   

C. means, mean                                         D. mean, means

【陷阱】誤選C，認(rèn)為第一空前有all修飾，故用means，而第二空前有every修飾，故用mean。

【分析】其實(shí)，means是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，并且永遠(yuǎn)帶有尾-s。換句話說，在表示“方式”、“方法”時(shí)，不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動(dòng)詞，表示“意思是”；也可用作名詞，表示“中間”、“中庸”)。此題正確答案為C，by all means為習(xí)語，意為“一定”、“盡一切辦法”。順便說一句，means用作主語時(shí)，其謂語的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來確定。比較：

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每種可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。

若句意不能明確地表明主語的單復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：

Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 還有其他什么辦法可弄到更多錢嗎?

6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.

A. so kind a, friends                                  B. so a kind, friends

C. so kind a, friend                                    D. so a kind, friend

【陷阱】誤選C或D。認(rèn)為 friend要用單數(shù)。

【分析】其實(shí)此題最佳答案為A。so kind a person相當(dāng)于such a kind person，注意兩者中冠詞的位置不同。be friends with是習(xí)語，意為“與……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，與之同義的類似地還有make friends with。值得說明的是，這類短語中的名詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)，即使句子主語為單數(shù)也是如此。如：

He is friends with me. 他與我是朋友。

He has made friends with everyone here. 他與這兒的每個(gè)人交上了朋友。

7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.

A. dozen of, dozen                                    B. dozens of, dozens

C. dozens of, dozen                                   D. dozens of, dozen of

【陷阱】誤選 B。

【分析】此題最佳答案為C。關(guān)于dozen的復(fù)數(shù)是否加詞尾-s的問題比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：

(1) 當(dāng)它與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，既不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書也有 two dozen of 這樣的用例，但這已屬過時(shí)用法，在考試中應(yīng)避免，如1992年全國高考有一道單項(xiàng)選擇題就認(rèn)為two dozen of為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：

Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

A. dozens of                                             B. dozens       C. dozen of     D. dozen [D]

(2) 當(dāng)它不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞 of，此時(shí)可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習(xí)語。如：

I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去過那兒幾十次。

She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。

下面一例中的dozens加了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s也屬為似情況：

Pack them in dozens. 按打裝袋吧。

(3) 當(dāng)與 a few, several 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，加不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s時(shí)，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s時(shí)，其后介詞 of不能省略。如：

several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆

注：英語較少使用many dozen的說法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of。

(4) 當(dāng)它后面的名詞受 the, these, those 等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us, them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。如：

two dozen of these eggs 兩打這種雞蛋

three dozen of them 它們中的3打

注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法。

8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.

A. an idea                                                 B. a mark

C. a sign                                                   D. a word

【陷阱】容易誤選B。

【分析】應(yīng)選C，sign與mark的區(qū)別是：sign 的意思是“跡象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或頭等做出示意動(dòng)作以傳遞信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(書寫與印刷的符號或圖、線等記號)。根據(jù)此二詞的語義區(qū)別以及常識可知答案為C。類似地，下面兩題的答案也是C：

(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.

A. thing                                                   B. mark

C. sign                                                     D. one

(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.

A. mark                                                   B. track

C. sign                                                     D. appearance

但是，下面一題卻不能選sign，也不能選mark，而選symbol(象征)：

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.

A. example                                               B. sign

C. mark                                                    D. symbol

順便說一句，在近幾年的高考中像這類結(jié)合詞義區(qū)別以及語境和生活常識進(jìn)行考查的試題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，同學(xué)們需引起注意。

9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”

A. coffee, cups of teas                               B. coffees, teas

C. cups of coffee, tea                                 D. cup of coffees, teas

【陷阱】誤選C，認(rèn)為coffee和tea均為不可數(shù)名詞，不能后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，從而排除選項(xiàng)A、B、D。

【分析】選B。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 coffee 和tea是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能用 three coffees, two teas 這樣的表達(dá)。其實(shí)，coffee既可用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“咖啡”這種物質(zhì)，也可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口語中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同樣，“三杯茶”既可說成 three cups of tea，也可說成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可說成 three glasses of beer，也可說成 three beers。

10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. Walk                                                   B. Walking

C. The walk                                              D. To walk

【陷阱】容易誤選A或D。

【分析】最佳答案為B。分析如下：

(1) 首先，選項(xiàng)D不如選項(xiàng)B佳，因?yàn)椋欢ㄊ酵ǔ１硎咎囟ǖ膭?dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞才表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

(2) 盡管walk用作名詞時(shí)可以表示“散步”，但它是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的散步，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“散步”，要表示此義，要用動(dòng)名詞 walking。比較：

How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?

Walking does good to your health. 散步對你的健康有益。

類似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的區(qū)別也是一樣：

(1) 名詞的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的跳舞，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的名詞 dancing。比較：

Let’s have a dance. 我們跳曲舞吧。

He is interested in dancing. 他對跳舞感興趣。

(2) 名詞的 swim表示“游泳”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的游泳，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的名詞 swimming。比較：

She had a swim every day. 她每天游一會(huì)兒泳。

She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。

 

 

◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.

A. a few white hairs                                  B. a little white hair

C. some white hair                                    D. more fifty hair

2.—Hi, this way, please.

—OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad.

A. position                                               B. direction

C. situation                                               D. condition

3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________. 

A. intention                                              B. attempt

C. purpose                                                D. desire

4. I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______.

A. chance                                                 B. choice

C. accident                                               D. myself

5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.”

A. an answer                                             B. an invitation

C. a question                                             D. a letter

6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500.

A. price                                                    B. money

C. value                                                   D. importance

7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it.

A. explanation                                          B. meaning

C. sense                                                    D. guess

8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round.

A. chance                                                 B. turn

C. time                                                     D. part

9. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.

—It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.

A. question                                               B. doubt

C. problem                                               D. wonder

10. —How can I use this washing machine?

—Well, just refer to the _______.

A. explanations                                         B. expressions

C. introductions                                        D. directions

11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

A. rooms number                                      B. room number

C. room’s numbers                                    D. room numbers

12. —Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.

—Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.

A. Henrys, Henrys 　                               B. Henries, Henries

C. Henry, Henrys 　                                 D. Henrys, Henries

13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years.

A. pressure                                               B. force

C. strength                                                D. energy

14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.

A. ins and outs                                          B. dos and don’ts

C. heads and tails                                      D. t’s and i’s

15. —I’ve got an “A” in the examination. 

—That’s a good ______. You will surely win a second.

A. result                                                   B. news

C. start                                                     D. idea

 

 

◆答案與解析◆

1.選A。hair 可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指一根一根的毛發(fā)或頭發(fā)，如說 There’s a hair in my soup (我的湯里有根頭發(fā))；用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則是整體地指一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)。

2.選B。需根據(jù)句意來分析。have no sense of direction 意為“沒有方向感”。

3.選B。需根據(jù)句意來分析。attempt 在此表示“嘗試”。

4.選B，由于上文說 didn’t have to work，所以下文相應(yīng)的語境應(yīng)是 did it by choice。類似地，下面一題應(yīng)選D，也是因?yàn)閏hoice與下文的have to do it 相呼應(yīng)：

Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it?

A. job                                                      B. duty

C. request                                                 D. choice

5.選 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。

6.選C。value 指“價(jià)值”。

7.選C。make sense of 意為“明白”、“理解”。比較：make sense 意為“有意義”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一題選D：

What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any ______.

A. use                                                      B. reason

C. value                                                   D. sense

8.選B。miss one’s turn 電為“錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)”，注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的語境。

9.選D。it’s no wonder (+that從句)的意思是“難怪”，也可說成 No wonder (+that從句)。

10.選D。directions 的意思是“使用說明”，空格前的 refer to 意為“查看”、“參考”。

11.選D。room 為無生命名詞，不用 room’s 這樣的所有格形式，在此可直接用名詞作定語。類似地，下面一題要選B，也是一樣的道理（名詞作定語通常用單數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù)）：

The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.

A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes’s shop D. shoe’s

12.選C。在通常情況下，專有名詞具有“獨(dú)一無二”性，因此它通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，即不可數(shù)。但是，專有名詞的獨(dú)一無二性有時(shí)是相對的，隨著范圍的擴(kuò)大，這種獨(dú)一無二性便會(huì)受到破壞。如在一個(gè)星期(week)內(nèi)，只有一個(gè)星期六(Saturday), 一個(gè)星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一個(gè)月中甚至一年中，便有多個(gè)星期六，多個(gè)星期日了。所以我們有時(shí)可以說：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我們在那兒度過了許多個(gè)愉快的星期日。另外一點(diǎn)值得注意的是，與一般的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)不同，以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的專有名詞，其直接加詞尾-s，而不將y改為i。

13.選D。從常識來考慮，electricity 屬于 energy，結(jié)合全句的語境，只有D最合適。同樣地，下面一題從常識和語境來考慮也應(yīng)選D：

(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______.

A. source                                                  B. material

C. power                                                  D. energy

(2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.

A. pollution                                              B. friendship

C. condition                                              D. situation

14.選A。ins and outs 意為“細(xì)節(jié)”，dos and don’ts 意為“注意事項(xiàng)”，heads or tails 為擲錢幣打賭時(shí)用語，意為“你賭正面還是賭反面”，p’s and q’s主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s，意為“留意自己的言行”。結(jié)合句意，選A最合適。

15.選C。從語法上看，news 不可選，因?yàn)樗豢蓴?shù)；從意義上看，D不可選，因?yàn)檫xD意思不通；比較A和C，選C最合適，因?yàn)?start與下文的 a second 相吻合。

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